This cast contained a very large and complex bone that was poorly preserved because of the growth of vegetation on the outcrop. Plant roots seek out the bone, a rich source of phosphorus..
What was astonishing about the vertebra was the extent to which the centrum had been crushed. Here on the lateral surface, the bone has been completely separated from the articular surface.
An examination of the opposite side revealed the source of the force responsible for crushing the huge centrum: four evenly spaced tooth marks in a row up the center of the vertebra. Considering the jaw reach necessary for the predator's teeth to penetrate the flesh and the bone itself on this 18' high vertebra eliminates most predators.