|
METHOD OF EVALUATION |
RATE (MILLIMETERS/YEAR) |
YEARS TO GROW A 1,400-METER REEF |
AUTHOR(S) (DATE) |
|
Carbon-14 dating |
6 -15 |
233,000 -93,300 |
Adey (1978) |
|
Coral growth and potential estimate |
0.9 -74 |
1,550,000 -18,900 |
Chave et al. (1972) |
|
Carbon-14 dating |
1 ->20 |
1,400,000 -<70,000 |
Davies and Hopley (1983) |
|
Growth rings (and maximum) |
0.7 (3.3) |
2,000,000 -424,000 |
Hubbard et al. (1990) |
|
Potential estimate |
80 |
17,500 |
Odum and Odum (1955) |
|
Soundings |
280 |
5,000 |
Sewell (1935) |
|
CO2 system |
2 -5 |
700,000 -280,000 |
Smith and Kinsey (1976) |
|
CO2 system |
0.8 -1.1 |
1,750,000 -1,270,000 |
Smith and Harrison (1977) |
|
Soundings |
414 |
3,380 |
Verstelle (1932) |
|
SPECIES |
RATE (MILLIMETERS/YEAR) |
YEARS TO GROW A 1,400-METER REEF |
AUTHOR(S) (DATE) |
|
Antipathes sp |
143 |
9,790 |
Earle (1976) |
|
Acropora palmata |
99 |
14,100 |
Gladfelter et al. (1978) |
|
Acropora cervicornis |
120 |
11,700 |
Gladfelter (1984) |
|
Acropora cervicomis |
264 -432 |
5,300 -3,240 |
Lewis et al. (1968) |
|
Acropora cervicomis |
100 |
14,000 |
Shinn (1976) |
|
Acropora pucchra |
226 |
6,190 |
Tamura and Hada (1932) |
SOME MEASUREMENTS ON CORAL REEF GROWTH
* References for the table "Estimates of Rates of Reef Growth" are: (a) Adey WH. 1978. Coral feet morphogenesis: a multidimensional model. Science 202:831-837; (b) Chave KE, Smith SV, Roy KJ. 1972. Carbonate production by coral reefs. Marine Geology 12:123-140; (c) Davies PJ, Hopley D. 1983. Growth fabrics and growth rates of Holocene reefs in the Great Barrier Reef. BMR Journal of Australian Geology and Geophysics 8:237-251; (d) Hubbard, Miller, and Scaturo (note 17); (e) Odum HT, Odum EP. 1955. Tropic structure and productivity of a windward coral reef community on Eniwetok Atoll. Ecological Monographs 25(3):291 -320; (f) Sewell RBS. 1935. Studies on coral and coral formations in Indian waters. Geographic and oceanographic research in Indian waters, No. 8. Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 9:461-539; (g) Smith SV, Kinsey DW. 1976. Calcium carbonate production, coral reef growth, and sea level change. Science 194:937-939; (h) Smith SV, Harrison IT. 1977. Calcium carbonate production of the Mare Incognitum, the upper windward reef slope, at Eniwetok Atoll. Science 197:556-559; (i) Verstelle (note 21). References for the section entitled "Maximum Growth Rate of Coral Reef Frame Builders" are: (j) Earle SA. 1976. Life springs from death in Truk Lagoon. National Geographic 149(5):578-613; (k) Gladfelter EH, Monahan RK, Gladfelter WB. 1978. Growth rates of five reef-building corals in the northeastern Caribbean. Bulletin of Marine Science 28:728-734; (I) Gladfelter EH. 1984. Skeletal development in Acropora cervicornis. III. A comparison of monthly rates of linear extension and calcium carbonate accretion measured over a year. Cora] Reefs 3:51-57; (m) Lewis, Axelsen, Goodbody, Page, and Chislett (note 22b); (n) Shinn (note 20); (o) Tamura T, Hada Y. 1932. Growth rate of reef-building corals, inhabiting in the South Sea Island. Scientific Report of the Tôhoku Imperial University 7(4):433-455. The calculations for their research were reported by: Buddemeier and Kinzie (note 22a).